Part 2: Rebellions and pretenders Henry VII. These ulterior motives made Simnel a far more serious threat to the throne. Althoughthere is not the space here to address this in much detail, the suggestion is that it came about from a combinationof factors. The three main threats came from Lambert Simnel, Perkin Warbeck and the de la Pole family; especially Edmund de la Pole. The earl of Oxford who was an experienced commander that had taken part at Bosworth, Fitzgerald (Prominent Yorkist Irish noble) and Lincoln, Sir Thomas Broughton and Lovell (Although their bodies were never found), They had failed to gain support from English nobles on their journey through. Access over 20 million homework documents through the notebank, Get on-demand Q&A homework help from verified tutors, Read 1000s of rich book guides covering popular titles. Simnel was also later crowned there as King of England, which was extremely significant, as he became the figure head to the undertaking, and was now a solid threat to Henry. As such, you expect the mean GPA to be URI Process Strategies and Application to Company Analysis. endstream Introduction Discuss the extent to which Henry was vulnerable to attacks from opposition groups. Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish Kingdom, and arranged his son Arthur's marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1501- a marriage alliance that would enhance the power and recognition of the Tudor dynasty. ), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. endobj Although anyconspiracy which involved men who had free access to Henry was a very serious matter, the fact remains that theplot posed no threat to Henry. Because of the lessons learnt from Simnels escapades, Warbeck hardly comes close to a successful rebellion, and was at a major disadvantage, being the second to try and over throw the throne. What happened to Symonds after the Battle of Stoke Field (1487)? Margaret offered Perkin Warbeck refuge, and tutored him in the ways of the Yorkist court, which he needed to know thoroughly to pass as Richard. The Lovell rebellion Who was this lead by? By contrast, the retinues of 18 nobles, more than one third of the nobility, fought at Blackheath for theirking and crushed the rebellion.The only time when significant elements of the political nation became embroiled in a conspiracy against Henry VIIwas in 1493-95 when Sir William Stanley (Henrys Chamberlain) and others such as Sir Simon Mountford (aleading Warwickshire gentleman) became implicated in a plot in support of Perkin Warbeck (who claimed to beRichard IV, the youngest son of Edward IV). As a result of the work of these agents (and the fact that Warbeck was apolitical pawn with a desultory claim to be the younger of the princes in the Tower), when Warbeck attempted hislanding at Deal in Kent in July 1495, in an expedition supported by Margaret of Burgundy and Maximilian ofHabsburg, the duke of Burgundy, he was beaten off by local levies. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. /CA 1.0 endobj /Subtype /Image As a result of this, he faced many challenges such as threats from other claimants with stronger claims to the throne or the rebellions from Perkin Warbeck and Lambert . Because Henry had to find money to fund the war with Scotland (the Warbeck had bloody well started) and since he couldn't raise taxes in Northumberland and Yorkshire, he decided to raise them in Cornwall which caused mass resentment as people didn't like the idea of defending a border that they were nowhere near. Provide an explanation of the design for a professional nontechnical audience. Provide details on what you need help with along with a budget and time limit. However, he only got limited support from the Irish lords, and none at all from the Earl of Kildiare, a very influential figure. 8 . What sort of welcome did he receive in Scotland? Tried to raise forces against H in area of Yorkist . Indeed,it had been Lincolns betrayal that made him more vigilant and led to the creation of a network of agents who wereable to protect him from conspiracies. Henry knew he was vulnerable internationally. /ColorSpace /DeviceGray How many men were in the army Henry used against the Cornish in 1497? << 1 2 . A genuine Yorkist claimant, the brother of Jhon de la pole who was heir to the Throne following Richards death, Fled to France with his fellow rebels, later prusuaded to come home, Declared himself the white rose and official claimant / heir the England's throne, He was shipwrecked on England and Henry agreed to return Phillip in return for De la Pole on the arrangement that Pole would remain alive, That people were willing to support Yorkist claimants, even if they were pretenders, if it meant getting Henry off the throne, he couldn't trust anyone who had rebelled, he obviously hadn't done enough to appease the Yorkists, it's possible that the taxes were in widespread dislike and therefore as the rebels passed through people/nobles either sympathised with them or simply let them pass, Francis Bacon remarks that it was a deliberate decision of Henry to show that he wasn't scared and that he had a strengthened Monarchical position and so he 'chose to keep his army strength close to the capital city'. 1. /SMask 6 0 R Richard of York, the younger prince in the tower, Because he couldn't parade the real Richard presumably because he was already dead at the hands of Richard III, Yes, he couldn't get the critical acclaim that had been given to Simnel in 1487. >> Conversely, when Henry VII fought at Stoke, he could rely upon the retinues of his core supporters, the duke of Bedford, the earl of Derby and the earl of Oxford, as well as a multitude of Midlands gentry. Henry Tudor stood at the head of an army of around 5,000 men. In other words, their role was During his twenty-four year reign Henry VII faced a high number of threats and rebellions, ranging from the popular rebellions that voiced complaints about his taxation policies, to the Yorkist plots that were intent on dethroning him and ending the Tudor name. Warbeck leaves Maxamillion, his next stop, on his own terms, as the Holy Roman Emperor didnt have sufficient funds to support him in a war. Who was imposed as 'Lieutenant' of Ireland in 1494? Henry VII received support from the French and the Scottish for an invasion of England. The point needs to be remembered that, unlike Edward IV in 1461 and, most obviously,Richard III in 1483, Henry VII did not overthrow a legitimate monarch but, rather, another usurper and, indeed,one whose means of seizing the throne was conspicuous for its bloodletting even in an age weaned on violence.So, Henrys role in 1485 was very different from that played by pretenders such as Simnel in 1486-87 andWarbeck in 1491-97. Lambert Simnels rebellion was generally confined to Britain, so there was not a great worry for Henry that the rest of Europe would become involved. That there would be open rebellion and even a battle. The Yorkshire rebellion took place in England in 1489, during the reign of Henry VII. He negotiated a marriage between James IV, who felt it the right time to start getting along with England, and his daughter princess Margaret! Why did this cause so much upset for the people of Northumberland and Yorkshire? His main Irish benefactor was the Earl of Desmond, but this is still very limited. Why was this event significant to Henry, what did it reveal? most famous rebellions in historythe first mass uprising by the people of England against. Where did they fail to enter in Spetember 1497 due to lack of menace? Determine your preferre Self-Assessment of Leadership Skills However compelling is the case of Ian Arthurson that the Cornish Rebellionwas less about taxation than a conspiracy to overthrow Henry and less about Cornwall than a more general risingagainst Henrys government (which, according to Arthurson, extended north to Devizes, south to Dorchester andeast to Winchester), the fact remains that only one noble, James Lord Audley, and 22 gentry were on the side ofthe rebels. How did Henry hear of Warbeck's plan to land in Kent in 1495? Henry had an unexpected trump card in his hand with which to defeat Simnel. /AIS false The seriousness of the threats to Henry VII will be assessed thoroughly. Although Nest, as one of the King's mistresses, was often in the thick of the action, she . If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you arelogged in. This was even more dangerous because of their motives, de la Pole was Richard IIIs named heir, and hoped that when Henry was overthrown, he would have a chance at becoming king himself. Francis, Viscount Lovell was a key supporter of Richard III He tried to get support in North Riding where the Yorkist support was strong The leading noble who supported Warbeck was Sir William Stanley, who had made the decisive move in the Battle of Bosworth by fighting for Henry. Lovell would start a popular rebellion in Yorkshire, and the Staffords the same in the Midlands, Key Richard supporter, fought against Henry at Battle of Bosworth. . Early life Problem was there werent any. To my knowledge, this is the first book that focuses on the three most dangerous attempts to unseat Henry VIIs reign, beginning with the Simnel affair, progressing through the long Warbeck troubles and culminating in the execution of Warbeck and Warwick in 1499. The . First, those seeking the throneneeded to be credible and viable alternatives to him.Second, Henry VII had to be isolated and there needed tobe enough domestic support for an invasion to ensure thatit did not look like a self-interested act of politicalspeculation by either foreign powers or isolated Englishmalcontents. However, this rebellion had taken place due to the Cornish resenting being taxed for a war against Scotland, which was on Warbecks behalf, and he managed to only get a few thousand countrymen. Henry had issued new regulations on tin mining and suspended the privileges of the Stannaries - the local Cornish court and parliament. Contrary to what might have been expected, given that York is often supposed to have been especially devoted to Richard III and might have been thought likely to support a supposed scion of his family, the city did not waiver in its support for Henry VII and Amin has the detailed records of the city to prove this. Henry VII was successful in dealing with the challenges to his royal authority in the years 1487 Tudor essay School Best notes for high school - GB Degree Sixth Form (A Levels) Grade A1 Module History Academic year2017/2018 Helpful? The Cornish Rebellion John Guy says that this was Henry's major threat, and so it was. What happened to Viscount Lovell after the Lovell Rebellion (1486)? When was the Earl of Kildare ousted as Lord Deputy of Ireland? For Lambert Simnel, Margaret provided 2,000 professional German soldiers, and also Martin Schwarz as a commander, to fight on his behalf, which was a large amount of Simnels forces. Under Henry VIII, we see the Pilgrimage of Grace, protesting against Protestantism . Edward was later succeeded by his brother, Richard III, in 1483. Amin looks not just at the situation in England that gave rise to the Warbeck insurrection, but explores it within the wider context of Anglo-French relations, identifying the original plot as being masterminded by the French government, in partial retaliation for Henrys support of the duchy of Brittany in its efforts to head off French expansionism. >> He rewarded some Englishmen with lands/titles but also introduced measures to control them eg: bonds and recognisances, Acts of Resumption/Attainder. Changed the rules to make it impossible to claim sanctuary in times of treason. I am a daughter of York, and this once, I look not to past glories and grievances, but to the future: my future, who is sleeping soundly by my side as morning wrestles London from night's grip. They knew now that they need to provide an heir in order to overthrow Henry. He was no longer welcome in Scotland and was forced to move again. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. (For instance, the castle gate would be considered a physical barrier and gateway router to a system. 'There were pretenders to the English crown, but now Perkin and the Duke of Clarence's son are executed, not a drop of doubtful Royal blood can remain, the sole Royal blood being the true blood of the King.' 3 He believed there was no one left who could challenge Henry VII, and perhaps the king himself thought so, if only for a short time. How did the Treaty of Windsor (1506) successfully end the threat of The Earl of Suffolk (de la Pole)? From fighting for the throne at Bosworthin 1485, to defeating the various rebellionsand pretenders, Henry was able to establish the Tudors as the legitimate dynasty on the English throne. 14 richly decorated horses pulled carts laden with armour and plate while 14 wagons carried sections of a prefabricated house which would be the King's residence in the field. Simnel was more easily dispatched than the next pretender, known to history as Perkin Warbeck although, just possibly, Richard, Duke of York, younger of Edward IVs missing sons. What never happened in these regions again? Who died in the Battle of Stoke Field (1487)? endobj Enter the email address associated with your account, and we will email you a link to reset your password. This meant Henry was in a weak position, and susceptible to a foreign invasion. According to Francis Bacon: "The Cornish, being ill-armed and ill-led and without horse or artillery, were with no great difficulty cut in pieces and put to flight." A large number of the rebels were killed. What was the primary reason for the Yorkshire rebellion? Students also viewed In fact, historianstend to set too much store by Henrys weak claim in termsof measuring his security in 1485-87 and have overlookedwhat really made the difference for him. But he abused this clemency and was executed in November 1499. (against how many nobles?). Data backup Henry VII Rebellions (1486-1499) Description Lovell and Stafford, Yorkshire and Cornish Rebellions, Pretenders Simnel and Warbeck. This shows a true situation of, The Castle Built on Top of A Hill to Favor Security Placement Essay. You just need to argue whether the Rebellions were caused by 'local issues' or other factors (such as politics, society, economy, FP etc). Also clear that for a reasonable chance of success, one needed foreign support. How successfully did Henry VII deal with the problems of the Yorkists? Meet with the rebel leader and negotiate the Collection of the taxes. These circumstances never fully materialised. Humphrey Stafford was executed and younger brother was pardoned. Even though the points made beforehand show whether the pretenders were a serious threat to the throne or not, the general situation at the time also needs to be considered, whether Henry over-reacted, or if there was a true danger. Simnels entourage had been too preoccupied with gathering troops and support abroad that they had not given enough thought to the people of England and how they would react. Ofcourse, John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, rejected Henrys attempts to reconcile him (despite being a Yorkist and asupporter of Richard III he had been made a councillor in 1485) and joined the conspiracy bankrolled by Margaretof Burgundy, Edward IVs sister and a committed Yorkist, to put Lambert Simnel on the throne as Edward VI; buthe failed to rally any support from nobles and their retainers (Lord Lovell, the other main noble conspirator, had Why did Henry likely not feel the need to execute the Earl of Warwick in 1487? What did Henry do to the sanctuary which made his life easier? Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The rebellion was led by Sir John Egremont. Perkin Warbeck was not such a risk as all of his support came at different times, but he did have support from all over Europe. Parliament voted that Henry could spend 100,000 (He only raised 27,000). Humphrey executed. Within each defensive layer of the castle, identify the physical security aspect of the defensive structure and the technical aspect designed to protect the king, the server. 3 0 obj Hence Henrys political importance transcended theweakness of his claim. Henry had the real earl of Warwick locked up in the Tower of London. Ultimately, Amin shows that invasions could only be successful if they were supported by the nobility Henry VII himself had had the backing of senior members of the Yorkist regime, as well as the remnants of the Lancastrian nobility Simnel and Warbeck did not. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Studypool matches you to the best tutor to help you with your question. See all British monarchy - Tudors and Stuarts resources , Which English sovereign was the greatest? Here, Henry risks the English economy by placing a trade ban on Burgandy, one of his main trade links at the time, and refuses to lift it until Warbeck has left. could benefit from supporting the Yorkists in reclaiming the throne, therefore he worked hard to safeguard against any anti-Tudor co-operation. 8 0 obj The first of these rebellions was in Yorkshire and was in 1489. Henry VII had been lucky that domestic politics and international politics had coincided to propel him to the throne - none of the pretenders ever managed to put together those factors in a timely combination. As a priest, he was not executed by imprisoned for life. /BitsPerComponent 8 What did this ensure that Henry realised? (why then/symbolic? The stated goal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is to give more Americans access to health care. In fact, many de la Pole clientschanged their allegiances after 1501 and the region was brought under even closer royal control as many of thesesought service with Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey.Not satisfied with these measures, Henry VII targeted Suffolks relations: there were a number of executions,including that of Sir James Tyrell, some imprisonments and 17 attainders in the 1504 parliament. 123 (where did Warbeck go following this? Because Isabella and Ferdinand did not want their daughter marrying into a politically Instable county. What sort of welcome did he receive here? During 1487, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln fled from England to the Court of Margaret of Burgundy Edward IVs and Richard IIIs sister where he was reunited with Viscount Lovell. And Stuarts resources, which English sovereign was the Earl of Desmond, but this is still very limited hand. An army of around 5,000 men but this is still very limited rebellion took place in England in 1489 during. 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