#comparison #cities #worlddata Ranking of the most dangerous cities in the world in 2022, by murder rate per 100,000 inhabitantsTrack: IntoAlter x Too Mart. In Jackson, Michigannot to be confused with the city in Mississippi360 violent crimes occurred in 2019 (268 assaults, 37 robberies, 51 rapes, and 4 murders). In addition, more in-depth data on violent crime is provided for every city, including the yearly number of assaults, robberies, and murders. The city really lives up to its title of one of the most ghetto cities in America. These individuals will get you the help you need without risking your safety. However, judging by the number of assaults, it wasnt for the lack of trying. Capital and Operating Budget FY 2020-2021. (Population: 64,105; Violent Crime Rate: 1,137), Just how much of a negative impact spring break can have on a community is best shown by the city of Daytona Beach, whose violent crime rate spikes in this period. Las Vegas. The city has 145,646 residents and a violent crime rate of 80. Darby is a city that sits just outside of Philadelphia, PA. Unemployment Rate: 4.30%. It occupies the 15th spot in the list of the 50 most dangerous cities in the world, with 61 homicides per 100,000 population. These results tell a different story than what you usually encounter when hearing about the crime problem in America, but the issue is complex and multi-faceted. During a single year, New Orleans reported 5,215 violent crimes. The following article is a list of cities sorted by homicide rates in the world. Scottsboro is another proof of this statement, as this small city had 193 instances of violent crime reported in 2019 (180 assaults, 5 robberies, and 8 rapes). Crime rate can be one of the deciding factors of where families settle down. Its a shame that such a charming city has a dark side. Indianas most violent city is its capital. It had 1,129 violent crimes in 2019, making it the safest of the unsafe cities in the US. Each year, NeighborhoodScout releases their list of the 100 most dangerous cities in the United States. Her safety expertise is sought after by publications, broadcast journalists, non-profit organizations, podcasts, and more. But, unfortunately, its also notorious for being among cities with the highest crime rates. 4,380 violent crimes were documented in Stockton in 2019 (3,007 assaults, 1,158 robberies, 181 rapes, and 34 murders). This city made a list due to 166 reported violent crimes (40 assaults, 114 robberies, and 12 rapes). For example, Detroit, St Louis, and Memphis have violent crime rates above 1,900 per 100,000 residents. February27February 27, 2023. most dangerous cities in us 2022. Monroe, Louisiana. Still, youre much more likely to become the victim of a property crime than a violent crime in Little Rock. Its homicide rate was the highest recorded in the world in 2020, at 60 per 100,000 individuals. Now, Chillicothe has the honor of being the most dangerous city in Ohio. St. Louis, Missouri. However, the United States does not fare as well compared to other developed Western nations. Note: This articles statistics come from third-party sources and do not represent the opinions of this website. This relatively small city was Californias capital in 1852 and 1853. Many years ago, slaves from Kentucky fled to slavery-free Ohio through Cincinnati. This contextual data doesn't factor into our scoring. * 138 Homicides. Hopefully, safety efforts will become effective and make Detroit a safer city to live. You are 3.5 times more likely to experience a property crime in Chillicothe than the rest of Ohio. The national average for homicide is 6.5 for every 100,000 people. Interestingly, there is a pretty big dropout in terms of the property crime when you get to Pontiac. The relatively high crime rate might be to blame. According crime statistics, The below list is the most dangerous cities in the US in 2023 by Rank, crime data based on the violent crimes in 2022(Murder, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault). Today, your chances of being the victim of a violent crime in St. Louisis 1 in 50. Pontiac is another Michigan city to make the top 25 most dangerous cities in the US list. So What Are The Most Dangerous Cities In The United States? The safest small city in the US is New Providence, NY. Rice Lake. MEMPHIS, Tenn.- Memphis has been ranked as the most dangerous city in the United States, according to a 24/7 Wall St. study using FBI statistics. Tijuana, Mexico. Frisco, TX. (Population: 2,190,209; Violent Crime Rate: 845). The chances of you becoming the victim of a violent crime are 1 in 67. There are about 1400 incidents per 100,00 people making Stockton California's most dangerous city and one of the top dangerous cities in America. (Population: 18,393; Violent Crime Rate: 1,341). In Memphis, TN (our most dangerous metro), your risk of being a victim of a property crime is, By comparison, your risk of being the victim of a property crime in, Memphis, the biggest metro on the list, accounted for, Combined, Memphis and Salt Lake Citythe only cities with over 1 million residentsreported around. Although Kalamazoo is number 20 on our list, it has one of the highest property crime rates. . In comparison, the chances of being made the victim of a property crime are 1 in 17. Conclusion: Crime in Europe and most dangerous cities. Detroit, Michigan 2. Compare equipment, price, accuracy, customer reviews, Find out why Vivint is the best security system that works with Google Assistantand see 10 Most Dangerous Cities in the US for 2022, City budget data comes from the first city listed in the metro areausually the most populated. (Population: 197,597; Violent Crime Rate: 901). Its estimated that nearly as many went unreported. Generally speaking, the southwest area of Pine Bluff, Arkansas is considered the most dangerous. Kinston, NC, is a wonderful small town with serious crime issues. Based on the metro areas' murder and property crime rates per 100,000 people, determined by FBI crime reports, these are the most dangerous places to live in the United States. Detroit has earned a place as the most dangerous city in America for several years in a row. (Population: 165,138; Violent Crime Rate: 1,519). With the highest number of violent crimes in the nation, Monroe is an incredibly dangerous city to live in. (Population: 30,106; Violent Crime Rate: 1,190). The first city with the highest murder rate is St. Loiuse in the United States. MSAs include major "anchor cities" and outlying communities with high social and economic integration. (Population: 14,065; Violent Crime Rate: 930). This might be the most violent city in America in terms of murders and rapes. Paper bags can be recycled, but. In fact, homicides increased by 29% in 2020 alone. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. This little farming community is often compared to Detroit for its high crime rate. (Population: 48,044; Violent Crime Rate: 1,570). As with any other dangerous city, property crime is much more prevalent in Canton than violent crimes, but both are still common. Unfortunately, Memphis and Munro are typically neck and neck in terms of crime. 1. New Haven is the first planned city in the US and also the home of the prestigious Yale University. South Bend, Indiana. Unfortunately, crime in Rockford is only increasing. hr case studies employee relations . This small city is considered one of the fastest-growing cities in Alabama and one of the most dangerous. Big-city life can be fast paced, exciting, and full of challenges. 25,532 violent crimes were reported in total (15,296 assaults, 7,983 robberies, 1,761 rapes, 492 murders), making it twice more likely for people in Chicago to be assaulted than in most US cities. Its one of the places you dont want to be in Massachusetts. Memphis is also ranked with the second highes We may earn money when you click links on our site. According to Neighborhood Scout, Monroe, LA, ranked first as the city with the most criminal activities as of 2022. The reason is that NYC doesnt participate in the FBIs crime report collection. Detroit is the largest city in the top 25, and you may be wondering how safe America's largest cities are. Monroe, Louisiana, has the highest rate of violent crime in the US, making it a dangerous place to live. Toledo is a major trade center for the area and an important port on the Great Lakes. We've got the goods. Professional vs DIY Home Security System Installation. Residents of this small, picturesque city can get a bit violent: 133 instances of violent crime were recorded in 2019 (92 assaults, 14 robberies, 26 rapes, and 1 murder), exceeding the state averages by almost three times. (Population: 308,174; Violent Crime Rate: 1,927). Judged as a whole, Cape Town is an important city for the country and the world. The property crime rate is just 37.1, less than two points higher than the national average of 35.4. We found the best home security options for nearly every budget, including self-monitored systems with no monthly fees and professionally monitored systems starting as low as $10 per month. Cities like Detroit, Kalamazoo, and Saginaw lead the state in violent crime . There were 1.3 million violent crimes reported in the U.S. in 2020, or 399 for every 100,000 people. Even though its not in the top 10 of the worst cities in America, its far from safe. If youre planning to move or visit, you better be careful. Posted on June 25, 2020 July 1, 2022 Author: Clarissa Vanner. Violent crime rate (per 1,000 residents): 20.0. 2. This year it was once again named the most dangerous city in the US, with the . Nationwide, there was a 22% jump in murders. Overall, it had 3,964 violent crimes in 2019 (2,850 assaults, 718 robberies, 341 rapes, and 55 murders). Peoria, Illinois, is yet another city that ranks as one of the most dangerous cities in the US due to its rise in violent crimes. Only seven states have higher violent crime rates, and the home of Mount Rushmore experienced a more than 25% increase in violent crimes in 2020. This place had 226 violent crimes in 2019 (185 assaults, 38 robberies, and 3 murders). Detroit is the only midsize or large city in the United States with a violent crime rate of over 2,000. 24. ." In this article, we will learn about the 25 most dangerous cities in America. Pompano Beach holds 99th place on our list of worst cities in America, with 900 violent crime incidents in 2019 (502 assaults, 317 robberies, 73 rapes, and 8 murders). It's the only metro area in Missouri that ranks among the 50 most dangerous cities in the United States and it has violent crime rate of 1,519 per 100,000 residents, and the city has 356 rape cases, nearly 5 times higher than the national rate. (Population: 84,559; Violent Crime Rate: 1,123). (Population: 326,586; Violent Crime Rate: 794). Property Crime Rate: 28.16 per 1000 residents. As per neighborhoodscout's analysis of dangerous cities in the United States, Bessemer has been identified as the most dangerous city in the U.S. in 2023. Read our complete safest cities reporting methodology. Moreover, in the official FBI statistics, St. Louis ranked first in violent crime and second in . Over the last 5 years, crime has been increasing dramatically. Interestingly, the Milwaukees property crime is only about two times higher than the state average and one time higher than the national average. What it's like to live in the most dangerous big cities, Everything You Need to Know About Home Security, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Unemployment Rates for Metropolitan Areas, Annual Averages, The Best Medical Alert Systems for Fall Detection. Violent crime in the safest metros rose 18% year over year, from 1.7 incidents per 1,000 people to 2.0. (Population: 214,581; Violent Crime Rate: 1,319). Everythings bigger in Texas, including the number of major metros with higher crime rates. When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you. However, the number of violent crimes in St. Louis has consistently been decreasing over the years. You can find her expert advice and analysis in places like TechCrunch, The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, The Miami Herald, NPR, HGTV, MSN, Reader's Digest, Real Simple, and an ever-growing library of radio and TV clips. Without further ado, heres the list of the places to avoid in the US: (Population: 14,859; Violent Crime Rate: 2,158). The United States is well policed so that tourists and residents can be relatively safe. However, property crime is almost 20% more common in Georgia. (Population: 864,835; Violent Crime Rate: 895). Larger cities did not fare nearly as well. There, the chances of being the victim of a crime are 1 in 78. (Population: 113,532; Violent Crime Rate: 1,044). Perhaps its wise to carry the best stun gun with you at all times to protect yourself. When most people imagine crime, Delaware is not one of the top states that come to mind. Camden, New Jersey 4. Retrieved from page 1. There were 531 total violent crimes reported by the cities on our list, with four total murders. If a metro area didn't submit a complete report to the FBI or doesn't meet our population threshold of at least 300,000 people, we don't consider it for ranking. Texas is the second-largest state in America by both area and population. Most Dangerous Cities in America. Violent crime is 12% below the rest of the United States in Georgia. Small cities that are otherwise peaceful still make it onto the list of the most notorious cities. (Population: 40,280; Violent Crime Rate: 859). In 2021, 4,596 crimes were reported in Peoria, and 1,084 cases involved crimes on people. Just by being with others and by being smart, you are much less likely to be the victim of a crime. About 88% of people who live in the most dangerous big cities have a high school diploma or higherthat's on par with the national averageand 4 metros come in with high school graduation rates over 90%. This small city is the birthplace of Ben E. King, a singer whos best known for the song Stand by Me. But the city itself doesnt do much to make you want to stay. Very high numbers for such a small city. Were hopeful the recent upward tick is more of a blip than a long-term trend. It experiences 22 crimes per day. Their research compares data about violent crimes, including murder . 827 violent crimes were reported in 2019 (581 assaults, 165 robberies, 32 rapes, and 12 murders). In general, New England states stand out for having low rates of violent and property crime. They are followed by 1,475 robberies, 265 rapes, and 194 murders. Over the last few years, Cleveland has seen a pretty steady decrease in inhabitants. How Much Does a Home Security System Cost? Cape Town is the only city on this list that isn't in the Americas. The reason is that a couple of bar fights with grave consequences add to crime statistics for a specific year. Caracas, Venezuela, the city with the highest homicide rate in South America. This is quite a number, considering Greenwoods population. 148 violent crimes were reported in 2019 (138 assaults, 7 robberies, 2 rapes, and 1 murder), making Alabama one of the most commonly mentioned states on this list. Violence is happening due to poverty and poor law and order. However, its romantic and dark side is intriguing and may make you let down your guard, which is something you dont want to do. We conclude our list of the top 10 most dangerous cities with Henderson. In Saginaw, MI, 707 violent crimes were reported in 2019 (613 assaults, 51 robberies, 34 rapes, and 9 murders). In fact, with 11,170 violent crimes reported (7,250 assaults, 3,081 robberies, 677 rapes, and 162 murders), its one of those places where it wouldnt hurt to be careful. If you live in a major metro area or plan to visit one, here's a deeper dive into the big cities with the highest rates of crime incidentsincluding demographic information and other community insights. The US Census Bureau estimates that the state of Texas is growing at a rate of 1,000 people per day, and more people means more crime. Much like Saginaw, Alexandria proves that a lot of violent crime can happen in small cities, not just large cities. Find out which metro areas reported the fewest crimes in our Safest Big Cities report. Even though Pine Bluff is not the first small town on our list, it is consistently referred to as the Most Dangerous Small Town in the United States. Accessed October 7, 2022. Terre Haute proves that where you are in the city can dramatically impact your risk of being made the victim of a crime. Only one city with a population in excess of 500,000 appears in the top 35: San Jose, California, at No. Spartanburg is another city with a huge disparity between violent and property crimes. (Population: 15,687; Violent Crime Rate: 964). (Population: 18,402; Violent Crime Rate: 997). For a city of just 393,779 people, that equates to a crime rate of 1,324 per 100k people. Fascinated by all sort of tools, Pete loves reading and writing about all the latest gadgets and accessories that hit the market. Danville is our first but definitely not the last city from Illinois. . Here's why it ranks first: Three of the most dangerous metro areas are new this year: Albuquerque (3), Little Rock (5), and Salt Lake City (8). Here are the cities that made it to the top 10 of SmartAsset's list. Little Rock, AR. The city had 235 assaults, 67 robberies, 109 rapes, and 11 murders in 2019. Mass shootings represented 4% of the . When out on the town, dont go out by yourself, stick to well-populated areas, and dont flash a lot of money, electronics, or other high-ticket items. St. Louis came in dead . Monroe, Louisiana: The most violent city in America. Even though it is not the most dangerous metro in the United States, it certainly is very high, especially considering its population number. Instead, it sits on the northern end of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. Accessed October 7, 2022. This data isn't perfectit's self-reported by law enforcement agencies yearlybut it's the most comprehensive US crime data available. As we learned above, some cities in the United States are not very safe. Most of the dangerous cities we have looked at are relatively small, with the exception of Detroit and Memphis. With a total of 1,284 violent crimes committed in 2019 (1,119 assaults, 78 robberies, 64 rapes, and 23 murders), Flint is one of the cities with the highest gun violence rates. Unfortunately, that number was increased by a mass shooting in August when 9 people died, and 17 were injured. Detroit has a violent crime rate of 2,007.8 incidents per 100,000 people with a total of 261 homicides in 2018. The following table of United States cities by crime rate is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics from 2019 for the top 100 most populous cities in America that have reported data to the FBI UCR system.. The cities with the highest crime rates are Alexander City in Alabama and West Memphis in Arkansas. Among the 100 safest cities, violent crime dropped from 0.30 incidents per 1,000 to 0.26. According to the FBI Crime Report for 2019, Detroit is the third most dangerous city when it comes to violent crime. Keep reading to learn more. Weve conducted thorough research to give you an idea about places you should avoid if you dont want to be just a number. What puts Crowley on the list of cities with the most crime are 158 violent crimes that happened in 2019 (135 assaults, 14 robberies, 8 rapes, and 1 murder). Venezuela is located in South America and is one of the most dangerous countries in the world in 2022. Last year, St. Louis, Missouri was named the most dangerous city in America. House Grail is reader-supported. (Population: 75,657; Violent Crime Rate: 1,053). 04th Birmingham, United Kingdom. Among the most dangerous metros, property crime fell 4% collectively, from 35.5 incidents per 1,000 people to 34.2. It is the 161st most dangerous country. Memphis saw 12,367 violent crimes in 2019. Just like every other city on this list, the property crime rating is much higher in Pine Bluff than in violent crime. One of the best ways to stop a burglary before it happens is to add a home security system. A place most of us would rather avoid, San Bernardino, is one of Americas most dangerous cities, with a total of 2,858 violent crimes last year (1,766 assaults, 906 robberies, 140 rapes, and 46 murders). 1. Wilmingtons violent crime is about 80.1, with the US average being 22.7. Among the 35 or so cities on our list with populations that exceed 500,000, Baltimore is by far the most dangerous, according to the city's violent crime rates as a percentage of corresponding rates for the entire U.S. In comparison to many countries, the United States is incredibly safe. The United States does not fare very well in comparison to other majorly developed countries, such as those in Europe. The city had 196 violent crime reports in 2019 (174 assaults, 16 robberies, 3 rapes, and 3 murders). (Population: 49,180; Violent Crime Rate: 900). (Population: 38,221; Violent Crime Rate: 1,188). 2022 Top 100 Most Dangerous Cities in the U.S. Our research reveals the 100 most dangerous cities in America with 25,000 or more people, based on the number of violent crimes per 1,000 residents. Encountering wildlife is not the only thing you should be worried about when visiting beautiful Alaska. ", Home SecurityInternet SecurityHome SafetyFamily SafetySenior Safety, Car SafetySmart HomeEmergency PrepPet SafetyPersonal Safety. The chances of being the victim of a violent crime in Spartanburg is 1 in 72. In 2019, Detroit had 13,040 violent crimes on record (9,467 assaults, 2,346 robberies, 952 rapes, and 275 murders). The 10 cities at the top of our rankings are all mid-size cities with between 140,000 and 286,000 residents. Learn more about gun violence across the USand how much Americans worry about itin our ongoing coverage of the facts and the fears surrounding this important topic. (Population: 25,411; Violent Crime Rate: 1,984). Heres another Tennessee city that has an issue with violence. Birmingham, Alabama 5. In Lansing, the violent crime rate is about 55.7, whereas the national average is 22.7. (Population: 15,555; Violent Crime Rate: 1,317). No matter what list you look at, Monroe is almost always ranked the most dangerous city in the United States. Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | How We Rank and Review |. (Population: 154,139; Violent Crime Rate: 905). San Francisco is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States, welcoming over 14.8 million visitors IN 2021 . Still, crime rates seem to drop off a lot at this point in comparison to the last 18 cities. To put that in perspective, the chances of being a victim of a violent crime in Michigan at large is only 1 in 212. ." Accessed October 7, 2022. In 2019, it had 5,791 violent crimes3,325 assaults, 1,895 robberies, 479 rapes, and 92 murders. The areas reported a rate of 40.62 crimes per 1000 of its residents. Retrieved from page 89. Trenton had 937 violent crimes in 2019 (552 assaults, 300 robberies, 70 rapes, and 15 murders). The Latest Info on NYC Crime Rate for 2022, Detroit Crime Rate: The Freshest 2022 Data, Ultimate Info on Dallas Crime Rate for 2022, The Latest Info on Seattle Crime Rate for 2022. (These are the most dangerous jobs in America.) The cost of crime per capita in U.S. cities was $1,836 in 2021, up 6%, or $100 per capita since 2020. Alaska is at the opposite end of the spectrum, with more than 867 incidents per 100,000 people. As a result, there has been a lot of effort to make Detroit safer over the years, but the effort has not been successful yet. (Population: 15,850; Violent Crime Rate: 1,160). Property crime rate: 972 per 100,000 residents. World Population Review used data on property and violent crimes from the FBI to determine the most dangerous cities in Texas for 2022. As a result, out of 18,816 law enforcement agencies contributing to the FBI Uniform Crime Report, only 9,991 submitted their statistics for 2020. Population: 48,241: Average Household Income: $29,014: Poverty Rate: 36.8%: Violent Crimes in 2021: . Update Privacy Preferences Milwaukee, WI. Even though South Bend is not one of our top five most dangerous cities, it is considered one of the most dangerous cities in terms of homicides. There is always a good chance that it will be among the top five. The US side of the city is notorious for its crime rates: 431 violent crimes were reported in this city last year (296 assaults, 101 robberies, 32 rapes, and 2 murders), discouraging numerous tourists from visiting the iconic landmark. A crime rate of 367.1 is driven by neighborhoods like . 29. (Population: 28,406; Violent Crime Rate: 1,129)Newburgh is a city located in upstate New York. 30. Your chances of being a victim of a violent crime in the city are 1 in 42. (Population: 140,569; Violent Crime Rate: 962). South Dakota. Wilmington managed to exceed the national crime rate averages by more than three times. St. Louis was ranked the most dangerous city in the US in a new study because of high rates of crime and dangers like natural disasters and car accidents. Best Home Security Systems & Safety Guides. 8. In 2019, Myrtle Beach had 415 crimes classified as violent (262 assaults, 98 robberies, 52 rapes, and 3 murders). Top 25 Most Dangerous Cities in the US: A Quick Look 1. It had 447 violent crimes in 2019 (353 assaults, 58 robberies, 29 rapes, and 7 murders)rough numbers for a city of its size. Cleveland has had a long history of crime that dates back all the way to some of the first settlers. Progressive prosecutors, far-left mayors and activist city councils have worked their magic. Numbers like these make Harrisburg one of the most dangerous cities in America. This is because while the national crime average is 22.7 per 100 000 people, Monroe is at 95.2 incidents per 100 000 people annually. We started with per capita crime rates for each MSA, based on FBI crime and population data. Luckily, violent crime is not as common in Kalamazoo. College Park doesnt represent Georgia in the best light, at least when it comes to crime rates. Extremely violent for a city of its size, Pine Bluff exceeds the national violent crime rate by more than 309%, with 644 violent crimes (502 assaults, 96 robberies, 23 rapes, and 23 murders). Accessed October 7, 2022. ," July 28, 2020. (Population: 13,155; Violent Crime Rate: 1,252). Niagara Falls is not the most dangerous city in America. Placed in the 18th spot, Rockford has a serious gang and gun problem. Theres no denying the alarm that comes with rising violent crime rates, and they shouldnt be ignored or diminished. The countrys biggest city is always conspicuously absent from our report, and inquiring minds want to know why. Violent crimes include rape, armed robbery, and aggravated assault. Retrieved from page 31. Total Reported Crime: 7,743. Find out which companies we recommend for every budget and lifestyle in our roundup of the Best Home Security Systemsand learn the basics with our guide on Everything You Need to Know About Home Security. Little Rock, Arkansas. These small cities (both around 2,000 residents) had violent crime rates of 2,158 and 1,954, respectively. Rebecca spends dozens of hours every month poring over crime reports and spotting trends. 794 violent crimes were reported in this Florida city in 2019 (654 assaults, 109 robberies, 18 rapes, and 13 murders). Cape Town, South Africa - 64 Homicides Per 100,000 People. Did you know that St. Louis, Missouri, had the highest rate of murder in the country in 2022 and that Baltimore, Maryland, broke its own record for murders i. Albany has roughly the same violent crime rate as Chattanooga and takes 58th place on this list of the most violent cities in the US. (Population: 2,310,582; Violent Crime Rate: 1,072). (Population: 212,616; Violent Crime Rate: 812). 1. Saginaw is only safer than 6% of other US cities, notably the top three on our list. Monroe, Louisiana, and Memphis, Tennessee, are often neck and neck as being the most dangerous cities. The most dangerous part of this city is in western neighborhoods. 2021 has been the second-worst year for homicides in the city, second only to 2020. When it comes to larger cities, Frisco, TX, is the safest. 2. In. (Population: 25,209; Violent Crime Rate: 917). Regardless, be safe and take care of yourself! ." One of the smaller cities on our list is Danville, Illinois. (Population: 16,867; Violent Crime Rate: 1,104). With this many violent crimes occurring in Chattanooga, maybe people should consider buying pepper sprays to try and neutralize any threat they might face. However, its the most dangerous city when only murders are taken into consideration.