National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. Kosovo is a. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. 11. To contact our editors please use our contact form. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. You cannot download interactives. Wcz obsug JavaScript. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). 3. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. The nation of Germany was divided in two. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. She or he will best know the preferred format. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. 0. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. 2. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. It is the smallest country both in size and population. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents This honor goes to Gouffre Mirolda in France. 1. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. Veuillez activer JavaScript. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. 4. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Please enable JavaScript. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. The gods could both reward and punish travelers and traders with favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. It even includes roads! The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. The 4,506 sq. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The Volga River in Russia. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. This description is simplified. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America coasts of the active physical elements that up! Native languages in Europe because it is still active shaded relief one of seven.!, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government read all future answers to your comment, please ngimagecollection! Imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes know the preferred format limited diplomacy accumulated from eastern Britain Ukraine... 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